Baseball cards are collected and graded based on their condition and quality. The better condition a card is in, the more valuable it becomes. There are several third-party authentication and grading services that evaluate cards and assign them official grades. The main services are Beckett Grading Services (BGS), Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA), and SGC. These companies have developed grading scales to provide consistency in how cards are assessed.

While unofficial opinions on condition can vary widely, these official numeric grades provide collectors a standardized way to understand a card’s relative quality and value. Grades typically range from 1 to 10, with 10 being flawless “gem mint” condition. Cards below a 5 grade are usually considered too worn to be worth much monetarily. Here is a breakdown of the major grading scales:

PSA Grading Scale:

PSA 10 (Gem Mint) – The card looks perfectly centered front and back with sharp corners and no flaws visible without a loupe or microscope. These incredibly rare cards in pristine condition can be worth thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars for key vintage players.

PSA 9 (Mint) – Very close to a 10 with only minor flaws visible under close inspection like a trace of whitening on the edges. Still considered excellent.

PSA 8 (Near Mint-Mint) – A tiny bit more edge wear or corner ding than a 9 but overall still quite clean. Centering may be slightly off.

PSA 7 (Very Fine-Near Mint) – Starting to show light play wear, slight bending, or off-centered but not enough to seriously detract. Solid cards in the vintage era.

PSA 6 (Fine-Very Fine) – Clear signs of wear like dulling, small creases, edge nicks. Centering is often noticeably off but most of the card is intact. Lower end cards may not have strong resale.

PSA 5 (Very Good) – Definite wear and aging visible all over with dull surfaces, creasing and edge flakes. Usually only earlier vintage cards retain value here.

PSA 4 (Good) – Significant creasing, discoloration, overall poorer condition but design is mostly readable with intact corners. Lower value, often for collectors on a budget.

PSA 3 (Fair) – Heavily rounded corners, surface scratches, advanced aging/soil. Often the lowest grade still considered a complete card. Have very little secondary market value unless a key card.

PSA 2 (Poor) – Significant portions of the design orsurfaces missing from tears or wear leaving blanks on the card. Often have holes, deep creases etc. Usually only relevant as an identification tool with almost no worth.

PSA 1 (Poor) – Card is about as beaten up as it gets with large missing sections, severe creasing obscuring design and overall unrecognizable as the specific card being graded. Likely only kept in archives as an example of the worst condition possible without actual disintegration. Have no monetary value.

BGS Grading Scale:

BGS 10 (Gem Mint) – Equivalent to a PSA 10 in that it is flawless. Incredibly rare but high dollar cards.

BGS 9.5 (Gem Mint) – Nearly flawless with minimal notable defects. Slightly more lenient than a PSA 10.

BGS 9 (Near Mint+) – Very close to mint with only trace edge or corner defects visible under loupe. Still an excellent grade.

BGS 8.5 (Near Mint) – Small defects visible without magnification like minor edgewear or centering issues. Nice higher grade cards.

BGS 8 (Very Fine+) – Starting to show clear signs of use or play like light surface scuffs but no serious flaws.

BGS 7.5 (Very Fine) – Clear wear visible all over with dulling, minor creases without pinching. Lower end cards in this range.

BGS 7 (Fine+) – Definite wear present with dulling, small creases or edge nicks evident without much effort. Collection filler level.

BGS 6.5 (Fine) – Worn appearance all over but card is still legible with rounded edges, discoloration present.

BGS 6 (Near Fine) – Heavy aging/wear present seriously detracting from appearance but still mostly intact and identifiable. Very poor condition.

BGS 5 or below – Card is well worn with pieces missing, severe flaws making it largely unidentifiable in poor condition. Usually have no monetary value.

SGC Grading Scale:

SGC 10 (Gem Mint) – Equivalent to gem mint grades at other services with no flaws detected.

SGC 9 (Mint) – Close to flawless with just minor defects visible under magnification like light edgewear.

SGC 8 (Near Mint) – Small surface defects or very minor edgewear present without magnification.

SGC 7 (Very Fine) – Clear signs of use but design remains bold and surfaces still eye appealing overall.

SGC 6 (Fine) – Wear evident across surfaces with moderate dulling and minor edge nicks/creases showing.

SGC 5 (Very Good) – Definite wear present seriously detracting from original appearance but still largely intact and identifiable design.

SGC 4 and below – Heavily worn with large flaws and serious defects diminishing card value to only identification purposes in most cases with little to no monetary worth unless a key rare card.

So in summary – these numerical grade scales allow serious collectors to more accurately assess a card’s condition, compare similar players across different years and sets, and properly ascertain estimated monetary values. While imperfect, official third party grading brings standardization and transparency beneficial for the collectibles marketplace. Understanding condition grades is a must for any invested baseball card collector or investor.