Founded in 1991, PSA began as a service to authenticates and grade sports trading cards and memorabilia. Their primary goal was to create a standardized and reliable grading scale to establish consistent condition and quality assessments. This gave buyers more confidence in the condition and authenticity of the items they were purchasing.

PSA revolutionized the trading card and collectibles market by introducing independent certification and assigning grades based on a numeric scale. Now when someone purchases a card, they know exactly what condition it is in based on the PSA grade. This eliminated uncertainty and subjective evaluations of condition that were common with raw, ungraded cards.

PSA pioneered the modern practice of slabbing cards, which involves enclosing the card in a plastic hard case with the assigned grade clearly visible through the case. This protects the cards and ensures the assigned grade stays with the card, even if it changes hands multiple times over the years.

The PSA grading scale goes from 1 to 10, with 10 being flawless gem mint condition. Each consecutive number down represents a lower condition:

PSA 10 (Gem Mint) – Flawless, perfect centering and corners. Nearly impossible to attain and extremely valuable.

PSA 9 (Mint) – Nearly flawless, only slightest production errors or handling marks that are hard to find. Very desirable condition.

PSA 8 (Near Mint) – Clear gem quality. Small production flaws or surface disturbances permissible. Still highly collectible.

PSA 7 (Mint) – Light production flaws and surface issues but still very nice looking. Edges may not be sharp.

PSA 6 (Near Mint-Mint) – Heavier distribution flaws around edges but design is till bold. Light playability shown.

PSA 5 (Mint) – Significant flaws and disturbances around edges. Design slightly affected. Played condition.

PSA 4 (Good) – Heavily flawed with edge and surface wear. Design clearly affected but still attractive.

PSA 3 (Fair) – Severely worn and flawed. Design substantially affected. Creases possible.

PSA 2 (Poor) – Heavy creasing, tears or structural damage. Illegible designation.

PSA 1 (Poor) – Ruined. Card cut, markings or otherwise damaged beyond recognition as original.

In addition to number grades, PSA also assigns qualitative label descriptions like “Gem Mint”, “Mint”, etc. to further categorize levels within each number grade. They also designate special subsets like “Black Label” for pristine perfect cards.

Getting a card certified and encapsulated by PSA adds significant value, as it provides a trusted and impartial assessment of authenticity and condition that buyers rely on. High-grade PSA cards in the 8-10 range are extremely valuable to serious collectors. Lower grades like 5 still have value to fans completing sets.

PSA’s popularity has grown over the past 30+ years to become the leading third-party authentication and grading service. Their simple numeric scale allows anyone from casual fans to serious investors to understand a card’s quality and original state at a glance. This transparency built trust and transformed collecting by focusing on condition over purely subjective assessments of worth. Today PSA certified cards can be found in collections around the world and are a benchmark of the modern industry.

In summary, PSA revolutionized the collecting industry by introducing independent authentication, encapsulation and their reliable numeric grading scale. This standardized condition assessments, increased transparency for buyers and established PSA as the gold standard service catering to all levels of collectors worldwide. Their simple yet effective system made understanding a card’s quality easy and gave collectors added reassurance and guarding of their valuable investments.