Founded in 2000 by Steve Grad and Mike Berk, PSA began grading and authenticating sports cards to help establish a standard for condition and bring more trust and transparency to the collectibles marketplace. With no reliable impartial authorities for condition or authenticity before, PSA filled an important need for serious collectors and investors.

PSA authentication and grading works by sending your cards to their facility where they are examined under bright lights and magnification by trained graders. The cards are inspected for centering, corners, edges and surface conditions before being encapsulated in protective plastic holders sealed with tamper evident seals. This process not only protects the card but allows potential buyers to easily inspect the card’s condition and grade without having to physically handle it.

Each card receives a grade on a 1-10 scale with 10 being flawless gem mint condition and 1 being poor. Common grades for vintage cards are 5, 6, and 7 while modern cards often average 8s or 9s. The numeric grade combined with extra qualifiers like “+” or “-” allow for precise condition assessment compared to just loose terms like “near mint.”

The PSA holder with the assigned grade provides a level of certainty about a card’s condition and authenticity that wasn’t previously available. It takes much of the guesswork out of the equation for buyers and sellers. A PSA 10 card is widely accepted as the highest achievable condition level across the hobby. PSA authentication and their population reporting data has become the standard benchmark for collectibles.

For baseball cards specifically, PSA grading has had an immense impact. Vintage rookie cards and other key pieces that were hidden away for decades have been rediscovered as a result of the new focus on condition. Cards that may have been considered “mint” loose are now slabbed at lower grades, allowing for more accurate pricing. Population data tells the rarity of different grades for each card which informs market value. And the possibility of financial upside has drawn in many new collectors and investors.

Some key baseball cards that have seen their values multiplied thanks to PSA authentication and grading include rookie cards of Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays, Mike Trout, Ken Griffey Jr. and more. But even seemingly common cards have found an audience with the precise condition assessment. Entire collections can be analyzed differently than before with an independently verified condition rating on each item.

The secure encasement of the PSA slabs is also important for cards valued in the five or six figure range. Insurance requirements and peace of mind are much easier with PSA versus raw, loose cards. And with stricter quality control than competitors, a PSA holder remains the most desirable option when a valuable card changes hands.

While PSA certificates are still privately owned, they function similarly to currency in the marketplace. condition has never been more attainable. With over 30 million cards and other collectibles certified since 2000, it’s clear PSA has forever changed the landscape of the collectibles industry and made high grade specimens of iconic players accessible to a whole new generation of baseball card collectors. Their impact on establishing standards and bringing trust to the marketplace has elevated this hobby to new heights.

In summary, PSA authentication and grading has provided structure, data, and assurance that has increased demand, collectibility, and values for vintage and modern baseball cards alike. Their numbered population reports tell the stories of cards through the decades and ensure condition assessments retain meaning over time. That is what PSA stands for and represents to serious card collectors worldwide.