Some of the most iconic and valuable baseball cards in history have captured key moments from Major League Baseball’s storied past, immortalizing the players and eras they depict. While baseball cards were first produced in the late 1880s, it wasn’t until the late 20th century that some of the hobby’s most prized collectibles started seeing huge jumps in popularity and price tags.

A prime example is the iconic 1953 Topps Mickey Mantle card, widely considered one of the most valuable baseball cards ever produced. Mantle had just come off a stellar rookie season with the New York Yankees in 1952 and was poised to have a Hall of Fame career. The 1953 Topps card, featuring a colorful close-up photo of the switch-hitting outfielder, is arguably the most recognizable baseball card ever made. In mint condition, it can fetch well over $100,000 at auction today thanks to its subject’s popularity and the card’s solid production run making mint examples fairly scarce.

Another Yankees legend and one of the first true baseball superstars, Babe Ruth’s 1916 Baltimore News portrait card is also among the most iconic in the hobby despite its more limited original printing. It features a striking image of Ruth as a young pitching prodigy with the Boston Red Sox before he made his mark as a slugger. The combination of its historical subject and extremely low surviving population lands high-grade examples of the 1916 Baltimore News Ruth among the most valuable at auction, with a PSA 8 copy selling for over $2.8 million in 2016.

While they predate Topps’ domination of the modern baseball card market that began in the 1950s, Honus Wagner’s legendary T206 tobacco card from around 1909–1911 easily ranks among the sport’s most prized collectibles. Often dubbed “the Mona Lisa of baseball cards,” the Wagner captured collectors’ imaginations with its rarity and subject as one of the early game’s first true stars at the turn of the 20th century. The combination of Wagner’s playing fame, the card’s sharp red back design, and extremely low surviving population of perhaps only 50–200 copies makes high-grade examples utterly priceless at auction. One PSA NM-MT 8 copy sold in 2007 for a still-unsurpassed $2.8 million.

Among more modern cards, the iconic rookie season offerings for legends like Mike Trout, Bryce Harper and others sustain interest in the high-end card market. Trout’s 2009 Bowman Chrome Draft Superfractor parallel card #/5 and a 2009 Bowman Sterling Mike Trout autograph #/25 both fetched over $400,000 each in recent sales. Meanwhile, examples of Harper’s first Bowman cards signed and unsigned from 2009 regularly sell for five figures due to his early hype and on-field success living up to top prospect status. The enduring mystique of stars’ earliest certified cards continues to fuel excitement and price inflation for the right examples across eras.

A pivotal rookie card that changed the baseball memorabilia industry came in 1987, when Topps produced its flagship set featuring young superstars like Ken Griffey Jr. and Mark McGwire. But it was especially Griffey’s iconic upper-deck rookie card that caught collectors’ imaginations. With its perfect depiction of ‘The Kid’ grinning in his Seattle Mariners home whites, it has become one of the most iconic and valuable modern baseball cards. Pristine, near-mint copies routinely sell for over $100,000 and set the pattern for what rookie cards of hyped prospects could achieve at the start of modern athletes’ careers.

While they were produced decades after some of the above legends’ early cards, 1996 Pinnacle and 1997 Bowman Chrome refractors of baseball’s all-time home run king Barry Bonds emerged more recently as iconic in their own right. As Bonds destroyed record after record at the turn of the 21st century and baseball’s newfound economic boom took root, interest grew exponentially around desirable parallel rookies and refractors from this era. Near-mint Pinnacle and Chrome refractors have since changed hands for high five-figure and sometimes low six-figure sums.

Historic cards capturing the earliest known images and statistics from trailblazing black baseball pioneers like Josh Gibson and Smokey Joe Williams also hold significant cultural value, gaining recognition relatively recently. High grades of Gibson’s earliest 1930s tobacco cards can eclipse $50,000 due to his playing fame before the color barrier fell and rarity of surviving high-quality examples. Meanwhile, prizedsigned examples of 1960s rookie cards for baseball’s first African American superstars like Willie Mays and Hank Aaron regularly sell at six-figure prices. They mark important steps toward full integration of America’s pastime.

As tastes evolve and new players emerge, the hobby continously produces modern landmark rookie cards that will likely achieve iconic status among collectors for generations. Examples include Acuna, Soto and Tatis from the late 2010s. But it remains cards like the Mantle, Wagner, Ruth and Griffey that are most synonymous with the captivating history of America’s favorite pastime in card form. They underscore how certain rare and recognizable collectibles can transcend being mere cardboard to represent the biggest names and moments in sports.

While the criteria that define any given card’s iconic status are subjective, certain baseball collectibles have attained an enduring mystique among enthusiasts due to a combination of their subjects’ resumes, memorable imagery, extreme rarity enhancing stories of discovery and record-setting auction prices. Whether rooted in the early 20th century or contemporary game, these landmark cards continue to shape discussion and intrigue around the intersection of sports, pop culture, history and commerce within the unique memorabilia category of baseball cards.