Checking old baseball cards for value and authenticity can seem like an intimidating process but breaking it down into steps makes it more manageable. Here are the key things to examine when assessing vintage baseball cards:

Card Condition – The condition of a card is the most important factor that determines its value. To grade condition, you’ll want to carefully inspect both the front and back of the card for any signs of wear, damage or defects. On the front, check for corners that are bent, edges that are worn, scratches or indentations. On the back, look for softening, bends or discoloration of the cardboard. Ideally you want sharp corners, clean edges and surfaces without any defects. The better the condition, the more valuable it will be. You can have cards professionally graded on a scale of 1-10 by companies like PSA, BGS or SGC to establish an official condition rating.

Centering – Hold the card up to light and ensure the front image is centered both horizontally and vertically inside the borders. Off-centered cards are less valuable than ones with the image perfectly centered. Majorly off-center cards may be considered miscuts and could potentially be more valuable to specialty collectors interested in error cards.

Photo and Text Quality – Examine the clarity, color and quality of the photo on the front of the card. Make sure there are no signs of fading, discoloration, stains or other issues with the photo itself. Also check that all text on the front including the player’s name, team and any stats or info is clearly legible without defects. Poor photo or text quality can negatively impact a card’s grade and value.

Card Stock/Texture – Feel the texture of the cardboard. Real vintage cards will have a dull, powdery texture rather than a slick commercial finish. The card should also have some flex and not feel completely rigid. Reproductions may have an unusual slick texture or seem too rigid. You can do a light bend test to check flexibility without damaging the card.

Glossiness – Real vintage cards have a matte, non-glossy finish. Modern reproductions or touch-ups often have a shiny gloss applied to the surface. Inspect for any glossy areas that don’t match the rest of the surface.

Expansion/Variation – For sets with insert cards, parallels, serial numbers variations etc. ensure the specific card matches documented issues. An off-variation could indicate a fake. Check print runs and know the documented variations.

Stats/Info Accuracy – Fact check any stats, career highlights or player info listed on the front against reputable season/career records. Inaccurate or impossible stats/info could mean the card details were altered or fabricated.

Examine Back – Inspect the back for signs of authentic vintage production such as proper wording, copyright years, manufacturer details in correct font and size. Modern fakes often have inconsistencies in back text/logos.

Research History – Get familiar with the specific card’s production year, manufacturer, set and any notable variations/errors. Know the background and any unusual issuing details like short print runs. Cross-check characteristics against examples from reputable databases.

Compare to Examples – Obtain high resolution photos of known authentic examples in top-graded condition of the same card. Examine yours side-by-side for consistencies in color, centering, texture, production markings and overall quality.

Professional Authentication – If valuable or newly discovered, have vintage cards over $1000 authenticated and graded by a respected third party authentication and grading service. Their certification increases confidence in a card’s authenticity and protects its value.

Paying attention to these key checklist items when examining old baseball cards will help determine authenticity, condition, catch any alterations and establish a potential value. Researching background details on specific cards is important before making an assessment. Taking your time and carefully inspecting both front and back are important for accurately checking baseball cards. Finding a match to high-quality authenticated examples is also invaluable.